In April 2009, the Australian Government announced that it would establish a company that would invest up to AUD 43 billion Australian dollars over the next eight years to build and operate a wholesale-only, open access National Broadband Network. This study serves as an update to a previous case study carried out in 2009 which outlined the development of Australian policy toward the universal obligation and the development of rural and regional services in the period prior to and including the announcement of the National Broadband Network.