Information warfare is as old as human conflict. Few of the motives have changed; they include undermining the confidence of the adversary, impairing and confounding the adversary’s lines of communication and creating illusions concerning the nature of and setting for conflict. These motivations have remained. What is very new in the 21st century, a time of pervasive electronic information infrastructures with everexpanding, high bandwidth digital links is: a) the virulence and frequency of information attacks that can disrupt the social fabric of the target country; b) a farreaching potential to effect extensive physical damage; c) the contagious capability and capacity for sustained information attacks open to non-governmental and even private actors that can now participate in asymmetric warfare; and d) the development of a pervasive underlying state of perpetual low-level conflict – what might be called a cyber cold war. The intensive introduction of new information technologies has considerably increased the combat capabilities of conventional armaments and other military technology. For this reason, militaries now consider information and communication technologies (ICTs) to be both weapon and target and view cyberspace as a domain for warfare similar to air, space, land and sea.