Selection and Use of Precise Frequency and Time Systems
Handbook

This Handbook consists of ten chapters which describe basic concepts, frequency and time sources, measurement techniques, characteristics of various frequency standards, operational experience, problems and future prospects. The contents include detailed explanations and many references that can be consulted for additional details.
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Time Scales
The true nature of time has no rational explanation; we simply feel that time never stops or reverses. But, apart from philosophical considerations, experience indicates that any event can be localised by specifying three space coordinates and one temporal coordinate, generally denoted (x, y, z, t). So far, no experiment has ever called for more independent parameters. Intuitively, a time scale is thus defined as the time axis of a system of coordinates. Recommendation ITU-R TF.686 defines a time scale as an ordered set of scale markers with an associated numbering.
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