The previous chapters of this report have provided important insights into the development of various ICT infrastructures and technologies, including broadband Internet, as well as countries’ progress in improving them. Much less is known about the usage and the users of those technologies. Answers to questions such as who is on the Internet (and who is not), and what they do online, are crucial for policy-makers, businesses, organizations and anyone wanting to reach out to communicate and interact with potential customers, citizens, members and other users of new technologies. Detailed information on the age, the gender and the income levels of Internet users, for example, is not only vital for companies designing their online marketing and e-commerce strategies, but is also important for governments seeking to adapt e-government applications and services. Information on Internet users can moreover point to potential barriers that prevent or discourage people from going online, and thereby help policy-makers address and overcome them.