HF Broadcasting System Design
Handbook
This Handbook provides practical and illustrative guidance (even to radio engineers not having been previously exposed to the specific task of High Frequeancy (HF)broadcasting service planning). Considerable effort has been made to meet the expectations of HF broadcasting engineers from the developing world. This publication includes relevant texts from existing ITU-R Recommendations as well as advanced material.
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Optimization of sets of antennae and sets of transmitters
High-frequency antenna arrays are utilized in the range of frequencies from 3 to 30 MHz for medium-and long-distance communications and broadcasting by means of ionospheric propagation. Ionospheric transmission over large distances usually involves high over-all transmission losses, especially under unfavourable propagation conditions. The relatively high initial and operating cost of high-gain transmitting antennas desirable to provide a high degree of directivity in the directions of communications. High-gain antenna arrays are in common use for international broadcasting stations where transmissions are desired to a specified political area or areas. In addition to providing an increase in signal in the target area, the use of high-gain directional arrays decreases radiation in undesired directions, thus reducing potential interference to other services.
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