Frequency Adaptive Communication Systems and Networks in the MF/HF Bands
Handbook
This Handbook is published to assist planners and decision-makers in the deployment of adaptive MF/HF systems in the fixed service, for both commercial and government users in developed and particularly developing countries. It provides material on current present technological capabilities in the field of adaptive MF/HF communications.
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The propagation environment
One of the main reasons for adopting adaptive technologies is the extreme variability and unpredictability, in the short term, of the HF propagation environment. Propagation in this band is primarily by the sky-wave mode, utilizing reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere, or in some cases by the ground-wave mode.
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