To facilitate a safe usage of products and services anywhere in the world, regardless of who the manufacturer or the service provider is, it is crucial that products and services are developed in accordance with relevant international standards, regulations and other specifications. This report covers several of the issues hampering the improvement of conformance and interoperability (C&I), presents traditional solutions and offers innovative ways to approach C&I. Conformity assessment provides confidence that ICT equipment meet international standards, increasing the probability of interoperability. Defining appropriate programmes where interoperability can be tested increases competition and the chances of smooth adoption of new technologies.